Which type of breathing pattern is characterized by periods of deep breathing followed by periods of apnea?

The breathing pattern characterized by periods of deep breathing followed by periods of apnea is known as Cheyne-Stokes respiration. This pattern is often associated with various medical conditions, notably in patients with heart failure, stroke, or during end-of-life scenarios.

In Cheyne-Stokes respiration, the individual will breathe deeply and then gradually decrease the depth of breathing until it results in a period of no breaths (apnea), followed by a return to deep breathing. The cycle repeats, leading to a distinctive waveform that can be observed in clinical settings.

This pattern contrasts with the other breathing types mentioned. Kussmaul breathing is a deep, labored breathing often associated with metabolic acidosis, particularly in diabetic patients. Tachypnea refers to an increased breathing rate, while bradypnea indicates a decreased breathing rate. None of these alternatives exhibit the cyclical nature of deep breathing followed by apnea that defines Cheyne-Stokes respiration.